Aphthous Ulcers (Canker Sores): These are painful, recurring ulcers that often appear on the inside of the lips, cheeks, or under the tongue. While their exact cause is unknown, they can be a source of significant discomfort.

Oral Lichen Planus: A chronic inflammatory condition that may present as burning sensations, white lace-like patterns (striations), or ulcerations in the mouth. It often requires ongoing management and monitoring.

Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia: These are white or red patches that develop on the oral tissues. While not always dangerous, they can sometimes carry a risk for dysplasia or, rarely, oral cancer, making evaluation and follow-up important.

Candidiasis (Oral Thrush): A fungal infection that appears as creamy white patches, commonly found in individuals with weakened immune systems or those taking certain medications. It may cause soreness or a burning feeling.

Herpetic Lesions (Cold Sores): Caused by the herpes simplex virus, these lesions typically present as small, painful blisters on the lips or inside the mouth.

Traumatic Ulcers: These result from mechanical irritation, such as sharp or broken teeth, ill-fitting dentures, or accidental bites. They usually heal once the source of irritation is addressed.

Mucoceles and Salivary Gland Lesions: Benign swellings that develop when salivary ducts become blocked or ruptured, leading to a fluid-filled bump inside the mouth.